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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 80-92.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1809cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1809

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预算约束下传染病疫苗接种补贴差异化分配与补贴效果

吴阳1,2, 郭海湘3,4, 石咏3,4(), 张文凯5, 王雷6   

  1. 1.武汉科技大学管理学院,湖北 武汉 430081
    2.武汉科技大学湖北产业政策与管理研究中心,湖北 武汉 430081
    3.中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院,湖北 武汉 430074
    4.中国地质大学(武汉)自然灾害风险防控与应急管理实验室,湖北 武汉 430074
    5.中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京 100083
    6.湖北省疾病预防控制中心,湖北 武汉 430079
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-31 修回日期:2024-01-26 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 石咏 E-mail:shiyong@cug.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省自然科学基金项目(2024AFD216);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2024AFA015);国家自然科学基金项目(72504214);国家自然科学基金项目(42571359);国家自然科学基金项目(72304256);国家自然科学基金项目(72001193);湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(22ZD012);国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AZD072);湖北产业政策与管理研究中心开放基金项目(2024CYY07)

Differential Allocation Decision and Subsidy Effect of Limited Infectious Disease Vaccination Subsidy: Based on a Modified SIR Model

Yang Wu1,2, Haixiang Guo3,4, Yong Shi3,4(), Wenkai Zhang5, Lei Wang6   

  1. 1.School of Management,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China
    2.Hubei Industrial Policy and Management Research Center,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China
    3.School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China
    4.The Laboratory of Natural Disaster Risk Prevention and Emergency Management,China University of Geosciences (Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China
    5.School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China
    6.Hubei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan 430079,China
  • Received:2023-10-31 Revised:2024-01-26 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: Yong Shi E-mail:shiyong@cug.edu.cn

摘要:

疫苗接种是预防和控制传染病类公共卫生事件的有效措施之一,政府部门常常使用疫苗接种补贴来提升居民的接种意愿。鉴于疫苗接种补贴预算约束的普遍性和重要性,为最大化补贴效用,设计了一种基于补贴效果推演的疫苗接种补贴差异化分配决策方法。该方法由两部分组成:首先,融合不同年龄段人群的人际交往特征和疫苗接种带来的免疫力提升作用,构建了改进SIR模型,以模拟在一定的补贴方案下的本地疫情发展态势;其次,兼顾分配效率和分配公平原则,构建了基于不同人群特征的疫苗接种补贴分配决策模型,优化补贴效果。最后,以武汉的新冠疫苗接种补贴为例进行案例分析。研究发现:(1)疫苗接种补贴能够通过影响人群的疫苗接种意愿,进而影响疫情发展态势,且在延迟疫情达峰时间这一指标上,疫苗接种补贴预算存在最优值;(2)人际交往频次是影响疫苗接种补贴分配方案的重要因素,应该将更多的补贴分配给人际交往频次较高的人群;(3)对分配公平的考虑会使得补贴分配方案对应的疫情防控效果降低,在实践中应予以酌情考虑。

关键词: 疫苗接种补贴, 预算约束, 差异化分配, 人际交往频次

Abstract:

Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent and control epidemic events, and governments often use vaccination subsidies to increase residents’ willingness to be vaccinated. Given the university and the importance of the vaccination subsidy budget constraint, a decision approach for differentiated allocation of vaccination subsidies based on the subsidy effectiveness is designed to maximize its utility. The approach consists of two parts, first, by integrating the interpersonal contact characteristics of different age populations and the immunity enhancement of vaccination, an improved SIR-based epidemic dynamic model is constructed to simulate the local epidemic trend, if there is an imported new round of outbreak, under a certain subsidy allocation scheme. Then, taking into account the principles of allocation efficiency and allocation equity, a decision model for vaccination subsidy allocation is constructed based on the characteristics of different subpopulations to optimize the subsidy effect. Finally, a case study of the COVID-19 vaccination subsidy in Hubei province is conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed decision approach. The present research finds that (1) The vaccination subsidy can affect the development of epidemics by influencing the vaccination willingness of the population, and the optimal value of the subsidy budget exists in terms of delaying the peak time; (2) The frequency of interpersonal interactions is an important factor influencing the vaccination subsidy allocation scheme, and more subsidies should be allocated to populations with higher interpersonal interaction frequencies; (3) Consideration of the allocation fairness will lead to the reduction in the effectiveness of the epidemic prevention and should be taken into consideration in practice.

Key words: vaccination subsidy, budget constraints, differential allocation, interpersonal contact frequency

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