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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 14-28.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0192

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基于违约损失逆序最小的非线性信用风险评价模型及实证

陆阳1,2, 石宝峰1,2(), 迟国泰3, 董轶哲4   

  1. 1.西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
    2.西北农林科技大学信用大数据应用研究中心,陕西 杨凌 712100
    3.大连理工大学经济管理学院,辽宁 大连 116024
    4.爱丁堡大学商学院,英国 爱丁堡 EH8 9JS
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-08 修回日期:2023-08-01 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 石宝峰 E-mail:shibaofeng@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD175)

A Novel Nonlinear Credit Risk Evaluation Model and Its Empirical Analysis Based on Minimizing the Inversion Number of Loss Given Default Sequence

Yang Lu1,2, Baofeng Shi1,2(), Guotai Chi3, Yizhe Dong4   

  1. 1.College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China
    2.Research Center on Credit and Big Data Analytics,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China
    3.School of Economics and Management,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China
    4.University of Edinburgh Business School,Edinburgh EH8 9JS,UK
  • Received:2023-02-08 Revised:2023-08-01 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-28
  • Contact: Baofeng Shi E-mail:shibaofeng@nwsuaf.edu.cn

摘要:

针对信用风险评价出现的信用得分很高但违约风险反而不低的“得分-风险”错配现象,本研究将代数学中逆序数概念引入信用评价,构建了违约损失率序列逆序数最小的非线性信用风险评价模型。基于AUC、准确率等6种模型性能评价指标,将所提出的逆序最小模型与支持向量机(SVM)、决策树(DT)等7种人工智能信用评价模型,分别应用于中国小企业贷款数据及UCI公开的德国、澳大利亚和中国台湾信贷数据集进行实证比较。结果表明,该模型具有最优的违约鉴别能力,能够有效缓解“得分-风险”错配问题。

关键词: 信用评价, 违约状态, 违约损失率, 逆序数, “得分-风险”错配

Abstract:

The purpose of credit evaluation is to reduce information asymmetry and reduce the credit risk of banks. However, the existing credit risk evaluation models are prone to result in the “Score-Risk” mismatch phenomenon of “high credit score sometimes matches high level of default risk”. To solve this mismatch, inversion numbers are introduced to measure the level of mismatch. Then, a nonlinear credit risk evaluation model is developed by minimizing the inversion number of related loss given default sequence. There are some innovations and features in this study. (1) The functional relationship among the indicators of the credit evaluation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the inversion number INVY(P) of its corresponding default state sequence P, and the inversion number INVLGD(PLGD) of its corresponding loss given default sequence PLGD are constructed. (2) Inspired by the concept of AUC and GINI coefficients and to measure the mismatch between credit score and credit risk, this paper establishes a kind of indicator based on the distribution of default lenders, which is used to describe the mismatch level of “Score-Risk”. (3) Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear programming model and find that the model would result in a low level of mismatch with the initial number of particles, the number of iterations, and the diversity of initial positions of particles increasing.To compare with other weighting methods, the loan data of 1231 small enterprises in China are analyzed, the empirical results show that there is indeed a “Score-Risk” mismatch in the existing credit evaluation methods and the model established in this paper can improve the “Score-Risk” mismatch well. Further, the proposed model is compared with six prediction measurements (AUC, Accuracy, etc) and seven other models (Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, etc) in the credit data of Germany, Australia and Chinese Taiwan published by UCI. By post-hoc analysis, it is found that although there is a small difference in predictive performance among these models, the proposed model still has certain advantages over the artificial intelligence credit evaluation model. Different from existing models which focus on the accuracy of prediction, it aims to solve the problem of “Score-Risk” mismatch in this paper, which may provide a new perspective for credit evaluation.

Key words: credit rating, default state, loss given default, inversion number, mismatch of credit score & credit risk

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