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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 72-84.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.0841cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.0841

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债权融资还是股权融资?——生鲜平台冷链服务创新的融资策略

冯颖, 冯仰超, 陈苏雨, 张炎治()   

  1. 中国矿业大学经济管理学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-21 修回日期:2022-12-15 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 张炎治 E-mail:zyzcumt2003@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(24BGL027);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(18YJC630032);中央高校基本科研业务经费项目(2017WB14);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2021SJA1014)

Debt Financing or Equity Financing? Service Innovation Financing Strategies of a Fresh-product Platform Cold Chain

Ying Feng, Yangchao Feng, Suyu Chen, Yanzhi Zhang()   

  1. School of Economics and Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China
  • Received:2022-04-21 Revised:2022-12-15 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Yanzhi Zhang E-mail:zyzcumt2003@163.com

摘要:

针对供应商、第三方物流服务商(TPL)和平台服务商(平台商)构成的生鲜平台冷链,考虑TPL向平台商融资用于冷链服务创新的情形,探究了TPL融资策略(债权和股权)对生鲜平台冷链运作的影响。研究发现:债权融资下,服务创新成本因子和融资利率是制约冷链服务创新的重要因素,因其上涨会抑制冷链创新水平的提升,降低冷链绩效;自有资金的下降会使TPL受损、平台商受益。股权融资下,服务创新成本因子的影响同债权融资情形,估值水平的上升或固定资产的增加会加大平台商的资金投入力度,激励TPL进行冷链创新,故会使TPL和供应商受益。对比两种融资策略,股权融资将导致更高的平台佣金率和更低的产品销售价格,进而抑制供应商参与股权融资冷链的动力;TPL若以提升冷链创新服务水平为目的进行融资,应参照市场规模大小来确定融资策略,市场规模较小(较大)时,选择股权(债权)融资。数值算例显示,债权融资下各成员及系统利润对产品价格弹性变化较之股权融资情形更为敏感,产品价格弹性较低(较高)时,所有成员均倾向于股权(债权)融资。进一步引入服务创新失败风险,发现在两种融资策略下,均存在一个创新失败率的阈值,当失败率低于该阈值时,TPL才会进行融资,否则,会因融资风险过高而放弃融资;股权融资情形下,抗风险能力随系统参数变化的趋势与债权融资大致相反。

关键词: TPL, 生鲜平台, 冷链服务创新, 债权融资, 股权融资

Abstract:

The cold chain service innovation can improve its own productivity and attract more demand with high-quality services. However, capital constraints, high financing costs and risks have been the challenges faced by cold chain service innovation.It focuses on a fresh-product platform cold chain composed of a supplier, a third-party logistics service provider (TPL) and a platform service provider (platform) in this paper. Considering the TPL financing from the platform for cold chain service innovation, the impact of his financing strategies including debt financing and equity financing on the cold chain operation is explored. Research shows the service innovation cost factor and the financing interest rate are both important factors restricting cold chain service innovation in debt financing, since their rise will inhibit the improvement of the innovation level and reduce the cold chain performance. The decline in TPL’s own funds will damage himself, and benefit the platform. In equity financing, the impact of the cost factor on the system is the same as that in debt financing. The rise in valuation or the increase in fixed assets will prompt the platform to increase capital investment, thereby encouraging the TPL to carry out service innovation which benefit both the TPL and the supplier. Comparing the two financing strategies, it is found that equity financing will lead to a higher platform commission rate and a lower product sales price, which will inhibit supplier’s motivation to participate in equity financing. If TPL’s financing purpose is to improve innovation service level, he should refer to the market size to determine his financing strategy, that is, when the market is small (larger), equity financing (debt financing) should be preferred. Numerical examples show that the profits of each member and the system in debt financing are more sensitive to the product price elasticity than in equity financing. When the price elasticity is lower (higher), all members prefer equity financing (debt financing). Furthermore, introducing the innovation failure risk, it is found there exists a threshold of the innovation failure rate in each financing strategy. TPL will only finance when the failure rate is lower than the corresponding threshold, otherwise it will give up financing due to the high financing risk. In equity financing, the trend of TPL’s anti-risk capability changing with system parameters is roughly opposite to that in debt financing.The research conclusions provide theoretical supports for how to seek financing channels, choose financing strategies, and improve the service level of cold chain when the TPL service innovation is short of funds. It also provides a reference for platform service providers to make reasonable decisions on platform commissions and set financing interest rates.

Key words: TPL, fresh-product platform, cold chain service innovation, debt financing, equity financing

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