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城市暴雨洪涝灾害链辨识及系统性风险评估

  • 刘高峰 ,
  • 李佳静 ,
  • 王慧敏 ,
  • 龚艳冰 ,
  • 陶飞飞
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  • 1.河海大学管理科学研究所,江苏 南京 210098
    2.河海大学商学院,江苏 南京 210098
    3.天津大学管理与经济学部,天津 300072
    4.河海大学计算机与软件学院,江苏 南京 211100
王慧敏(1963-),女(汉族),山西阳泉人,河海大学管理科学研究所、天津大学管理与经济学院,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:管理科学与系统工程、灾害风险与应急管理、水资源优化配置,E-mail:hmwang@hhu.edu.cn.

收稿日期: 2022-09-29

  修回日期: 2024-01-09

  网络出版日期: 2025-08-06

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(72174054);国家自然科学基金项目(42171081);国家自然科学基金项目(42371092);国家自然科学基金项目(91846203);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(21YJAZH024);江苏省水利科技项目(2020014)

Identification of Urban Rainstorm Flood Disaster Chain and Assessment of Systematic Risk

  • Gaofeng Liu ,
  • Jiajing Li ,
  • Huimin Wang ,
  • Yanbing Gong ,
  • Feifei Tao
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  • 1.Institute of Management Science,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China
    2.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China
    3.Department of Management and Economics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
    4.College of Computer and Software,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China

Received date: 2022-09-29

  Revised date: 2024-01-09

  Online published: 2025-08-06

摘要

城市暴雨往往引发一系列次生灾害,形成暴雨洪涝灾害链,科学辨识城市暴雨洪涝灾害链及其诱发的系统性风险,是城市公共安全应急响应的基础和关键。现有研究侧重于单一洪涝灾害的风险分析与评估,严重低估了城市暴雨洪涝灾害带来的影响。本文基于2017-2021年有关洪涝灾害新闻报道文本数据,利用规则模板及依存句法分析抽取灾害事件对,结合事件聚类泛化及共现分析方法,构建城市暴雨洪涝灾害演化的事理知识图谱,辨识城市暴雨洪涝灾害链扩散机理;考虑灾害链连锁反应对灾情的放大作用,引入暴雨洪涝灾害链风险度指标,建立城市暴雨洪涝灾害链系统性风险评估模型。针对近年来深圳、河南、山西等地的典型暴雨事件,对比分析其暴雨洪涝灾害链特征及演化路径,并提出了不同地区系统性风险应对策略及管理启示。

本文引用格式

刘高峰 , 李佳静 , 王慧敏 , 龚艳冰 , 陶飞飞 . 城市暴雨洪涝灾害链辨识及系统性风险评估[J]. 中国管理科学, 2025 , 33(7) : 222 -231 . DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2131

Abstract

A series of secondary derivative hazards triggered by urban rainstorms form rainstorm flood chains. The identification of disaster chains and the assessment of disaster chain risk based on disaster system theory are beneficial for enhancing the level of urban public safety emergency response. In contrast to previous research that focused on evaluating the risk of a single flood hazard, the construction of an event-evolutionary graph of rainstorm floods and a model for assessing systemic risk in disaster chains are introduced. A hybrid approach is developed in this study, which integrates disaster chains and complex networks to model and evaluate the systematic risk of urban rainstorms and flood disasters. The text data used in this study are sourced from news articles reporting flooding disasters between 2017 and 2021. The data are first preprocessed in this study, followed by the extraction of disaster event pairs using dependency language analysis and rule templates. Additionally, techniques for event clustering generalization and co-occurrence analysis are employed to create a factual knowledge map of the development of urban storm flooding disasters. Subsequently, risk level indices for flood and rainfall hazard chains are introduced, and a systematic risk assessment model that considers the amplification effect of hazard chain reactions on disaster scenarios is constructed. Cases from typical rainstorm events in Shenzhen, Henan, and Shanxi are selected. By comparing and analyzing the characteristics of disaster evolution, systematic risk response strategies, and management insights in different regions are proposed. The results indicate that (1) Distinct catastrophe events exhibit various characteristics and play roles in the dissemination effect of disaster risk progression, as revealed through the identification of the disaster chain of severe rainfall and flooding. (2) Through the assessment of systemic risk in the process of disaster chain evolution, it is observed that the same disaster event may trigger multiple disaster chains, and the value of risk is closely associated with the geographic environment and socio-economic development of different cities.

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