在现实的油田生产作业中，为了避免由于物资短缺造成油井工作无法继续等问题的发生，仓库往往会配送比计划需求量多的油管和套管（简称油套管），未使用的油套管若不能有效回收，会造成极大的资源浪费。但是，若回收油套管发生的成本高于油套管本身的价值，油套管回收工作也变得徒劳。基于此，本文建立考虑油套管回收价值的车辆路径问题模型，并设计基于清除小生镜技术的差分演化算法，求解得到合理的油套管回收方案。然后以中石化华北分公司鄂尔多斯盆地南部油田的油套管回收问题为例，求解得到包括17条回收路径的94口油井的油套管回收方案，其中总运输费用为3.72万元，远低于待回收油套管的价值15.03万元，实现了资源的有效回收。最后对模型进行灵敏度分析以验证模型的鲁棒性。本文的求解结果不仅对油田行业具有节约资源、降低成本的现实意义，也拓展了逆向物流的理论研究。
In order to avoid the problem that drilling cannot continue to work due to material shortage, warehouses often distribute pipelines and casings more than planed demand in the production of oilfield. In some cases, the excess pipelines and casings can't be used up. And if unused pipelines and casings are not recycled effectively, resources would be wasted. But the recycling would be in vain if the recycling cost is higher than the value of pipelines and casings. Based on the above, the Vehicle Routing Problem considering recycling value of pipelines and casings is studied, and a model which has a special constraint which requires that the recovery costs are lower than the current value of the pipelines and casings is proposed, and improved Differential Evolution Algorithm which is more effective than Genetic Algorithm is implemented. Numerical experiments are performed on real data from the south oilfield of the Ordos Basin belonging to North China branch of Sinope. The recovery scheme of the 94 oil wells includes 17 paths, and the transportation cost is RMB 37,200 lower than the value of oil pipelines and oil casings which is RMB 150,300. Finally, the sensitivity analyses performed examine the robustness of the proposed model. The results show that the unit price directly affects the recovery expense, and the number of vehicles is the most affected by the amount of unused pipelines and casings. In particular, our study not only has practical significance for saving resources and reducing the cost in the oil-field industry, but also has a great theoretical significance for the theoretical research of reverse logistics.
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