本文在供应商和零售商需求信息不对称的背景下，考虑了由一个供应商和两个具有不平等地位零售商组成的供应链，运用信号博弈理论和完美贝叶斯纳什均衡理论，研究批发价格合同下，供应链中存在的信息泄露和信息扭曲对供应链成员运营决策的影响。在批发价格合同下，供应商总会泄露市场地位高的零售商订单信息，两个零售商存在斯塔克伯格竞争。本文进一步研究分析，得到存在信息泄露的两种均衡策略——分离均衡和混同均衡，给出零售商在不同市场需求条件下的订购决策。本文还指出在一定条件下，供应商可能在信息泄露过程中扭曲信息，误导市场地位低的零售商做出错误决策，供应商和市场地位高的零售商获得更大利润。当供应商扭曲信息时，尽管市场地位低的零售商利润降低，但其仍将继续留在市场中，零售商之间仍然保持水平竞争。最后，通过算例分析，对研究结论进行直观验证和说明。本文研究了供应链存在的信息泄露和信息扭曲问题，为现实中供应链各个主体行为提供理论依据。
In this work, information leakage and information distortion in a supply chain under a wholesale price contract are studied and theoretical basis is provided for the player's motivation and decisions in reality. A supply chain consisting of a common supplier and two retailer with different market status, an incumbent and an entrant is considered. The incumbent can privately acquire actual demand state while the supplier and the entrant have no access to learn demand information but know the prior distribution of the demand state. Thus, there exists asymmetric demand information between the incumbent with the supplier and entrant. The paper shows that the supplier always leaks the incumbent's order information to the entrant under a wholesale price contract. The entrant accepts the information being leaked by the supplier to assist order decision. Based on signaling game theory and perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium, two equilibrium strategies including the separating equilibrium and the pooling equilibrium under information leakage are included and the ordering strategies of retailers under the different market demand states are shown. Further more, the supplier's and the incumbent's incentive with information distortion are studied and it is found that the supplier has an inventive to distort information to mislead the entrant to make wrong decisions in high demand state under the pooling equilibrium. The supplier and the incumbent more benefit under information distortion, whereas the entrant's profit decreases. Because the entrant earns positive revenue to guarantee business activities, he will remain the market to horizontally compete with the incumbent. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the conclusions and illustrates the impact of information leakage and distortion on the profits of three players.
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