针对网购背景下低碳供应链网络优化问题，运用超网络理论构建了供应链超网络模型。在此基础上，根据变分不等式与优化问题之间的关系，建立了基于供应链各成员企业的单体超网络优化模型，以及基于供应链所有成员企业的整体超网络优化模型。并对两种模型进行了应用比较分析，结果表明：在供应链各成员企业的利润最大化条件下，企业进行低碳运营投入，能实现其社会环保效益，但其经济效益受到影响；在供应链整体利润最大化条件下，企业进行低碳运营投入，在一定程度上能同时实现两种效益。
A new task for the optimization of supply chain network is put forward with the continuous enhancement of people's environmental awareness, the implementation of more stringent environmental regulations, more and more consumers choose the way of online shopping. How to construct the model of supply chain super network? How to build the operational optimization model for each member of the supply chain? How to build the overall optimization model of supply chain? And what kind of optimization model is more conducive to achieve the overall goal of the supply chain? All these are an urgent problem to be solved.With regard to above issues, the super network theory is used to model the low-carbon supply chain based on online shopping. Then the independent super network optimization model is constructed based on the supply chain's single member, and the integrated super network optimization model is also constructed based on all the supply chain members according to the relation between the variation inequality and optimization problems. And the solving algorithm of the models is proposed. Further more, the two models are compared by simulation application. Finally, it is concluded that the supply chain member can gain environmental protection benefit if they invest on the low carbon operation, but its economic benefit is decreased on condition that the supply chain's single member profit is maximized, and the supply chain can gain both environmental protection benefit and economic benefit if they invest on the low carbon operation on condition that the supply chain's profit is maximized. The application data is mainly collected through surveys of the online shops and their suppliers, express companies, consumers and the relevant literatures. This paper provides a new perspective for supply chain modeling, a new way of thinking for the optimization of supply chain network.
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