随着废弃电子产品的大量涌现和社会环保意识的增强，废弃电子产品的回收处理成为社会关注的热点问题之一。在现有的文献研究中，更多的是从逆向供应链系统化的视角关注价格或税收政策对回收商或处理商的运营效率、积极性的影响，逆向供应链激励的关键问题即如何确定回收价格和补贴方面的研究却较少见。本文基于社会福利最大化的视角，建立斯塔克伯格博弈模型（社会福利模型）来确定逆向供应链分散管理中的回收价格和社会最优补贴费，该模型可以检验分散管理系统（环保局作为领导者、MIS和回收商作为追随者）中回收逆向供应链的回收价格和补贴的激励效应。通过社会福利模型和资金平衡模型的比较，以及比较案例的数值演算，结果发现：达到市场最优销售数量和向顾客提供回收废弃电子产品的最优奖金的状况下，销售商和回收商处于平衡状态；社会福利模型中窒息价格、零奖金对应的基准收集数量、相对于奖金的收集量敏感度等因素对社会福利的影响均优于资金平衡模型。
As the discarded electronic products emerging and social environmental protection consciousness enhancement, the recycling and disposal of discarded electronics becomes one of the major problems. In the existing literature, scholars pay more attention to the influence of prices or tax policy on recyclers or processing business operation efficiency, but research on the key problem of motivation in reverse supply chain, that how to determine the price of reverse supply chain and subsidies, is relatively rare. In this paper, a Stackelberg model is presented to determine prices and socially optimal subsidy fees in decentralized reverse supply chains where each entity independently acts according to its own interests based on the perspective of social welfare maximization. Social welfare model can test incentives of prices and subsidies in the dispersion management system in the reverse supply chain. Through the comparison of social welfare model and fund balance model, and comparing cases of numerical calculation, in which data collected from market of smart phone in Taobao website. When considering the cost of the appropriate decision mechanism, the research results can provide policy makers with a social welfare perspective. The results show that: MIS and recyclers behave at the equilibrium status by choosing optimal selling quantity in the market and optimal reward money for customers bringing E-Waste products to recyclers. The impact of choke-off price, sensitivity of price with respect to the quantity demanded, base collected quantity of zero reward money, and sensitivity of the collected quantity with respect to the reward money on the value in the social welfare model is better than fund balance model. In addition, our analysis results show that the government is encouraging the MIS to improve their production processes to reduce pollution costs, or selling products containing fewer pollutants, so no-recycling of electronic waste products would not lead to high cost of pollution, it also shows that cost of reducing pollution is lower than that of repairing.
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