以电子商务为背景研究网上拍卖销售与逆向拍卖采购下的库存管理。在该问题中,零售商一方面利用网上拍卖销售产品,另一方面利用逆向拍卖进行采购。对于单阶段情形,证明网上拍卖下零售商的期望收益函数是采购量的严格递增的凹函数,从而得到零售商的最优采购策略和供应商的最优投标策略。对于多阶段情形,利用马尔可夫决策过程理论建立该问题的最优控制模型,得到零售商的最优采购策略和供应商的贝叶斯-纳什均衡投标策略均与基本库存策略相类似。
In this paper, an inventory management with selling by Internet auctions and purchasing by reverse auctions is studied in the context of e-commerce. The considered inventory management has the following two characteristics. One is that the retailer sells products by Internet auctions, another one is that the retailer makes procurement management by reverse auctions. For the single-period case, it is shown that the retailer's expected revenue is a strictly increasing and concave function of the purchased quantity under Internet auctions, leading to the retailer's optimal procurement strategy and the suppliers' optimal bidding strategy. For the multi-period case, the optimal control model is first constructed for the retailer by using Markov decision processes. Then, the retailer's optimal procurement strategy is obtained and the suppliers' Bayesian-Nash equilibrium bidding strategies are similar to the base-stock policy. These results not only show the effect of auction mechanism on optimal procurement strategy for the retailer, but also provide an important reference for managers to manage inventory under selling by Internet auctions and purchasing by reverse auctions.
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