本文基于战略群组理论,通过实证研究探索了组内竞争、组间竞争对移动壁垒内外部企业具有的不同影响。以中国制药业上市公司为样本,采用阶层聚类分析中的Ward法进行战略群组划分,识别行业中的移动壁垒并将其保护功能作为调节变量,然后分别使用POLS和RE回归模型对两类竞争的效果进行了分析检验。研究发现,组内竞争对于移动壁垒外部企业绩效的不利影响显著大于其对壁垒内部企业的影响;相反,组间竞争对移动壁垒内部企业绩效的不利影响显著大于其对壁垒外部企业的影响。上述发现表明,行业中不同类型竞争的效果存在显著差异,而企业相对于移动壁垒的位置是造成上述差异的重要原因。对竞争效果的准确分析需把握以下两方面因素:行业中有哪些移动壁垒,以及竞争发生在组内还是组间。
This paper focuses on the question of whether intra-group and inter-group rivalries have different performance impacts on firms partitioned by mobility barriers. The sample contains listed companies in the pharmaceutical industry of China over the period of 2010 to 2011. Data were mainly acquired from CSMAR and RESSET databases and annual reports of those companies. Grouping variables were selected according to strategic group research in pharmaceutical industry. The companies were clustered into four strategic groups aided by SAS software with Ward method, and then mobility barriers were identified.POLS and RE models were used to examine the effects of intra-group and inter-group rivalries in the panel data regressions, where the protection of mobility barriers is the moderating variable. Results show that intra-group rivalry has a stronger adverse impact on firms outside mobility barriers than on firms inside mobility barriers, whereas inter-group rivalry has a stronger adverse impact on firms inside mobility barriers than on firms outside mobility barriers. These findings indicate that rivalries within and between strategic groups have different influences on firm performance. Our findings also suggest that firm studies should take into consideration the strategic group structure and mobility barriers, and the effects of intra-group and inter-group rivalries should be analyzed separately rather than jointly.
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