针对具有学习行为的双渠道供应链问题,本文研究了两种分销渠道并存下的最优库存策略。有限计划期内,分销商通过传统销售和在线销售来满足下游顾客的需求。两种分销渠道下的销售单价为时变不减线性函数,当系统中各周期的生产订购固定成本以一定的概率具有学习效应行为时,分别建立了非变质产品生产存贮问题的混合整数约束优化模型以及易变质产品存贮问题的无约束混合整数优化模型,所建立模型的目标为极大化分销商总利润函数。对于这两类模型,通过分析其最优解的性质,利用将生产订购次数松弛为连续变量的技巧证明了最优解存在的唯一性。给出了最优策略的求解方法并比较了两类模型最优利润函数值的大小。最后通过数值算例对上述模型进行了验证,数值结果表明当供应链系统中存在学习效应行为时,该系统能够获得更多的利润。
The optimal inventory policy for a dual-channel supply chain problem with learning effects is considered in this paper. Distributor satisfies the downstream customer's demands of both traditional channel and internet channel in a finite planning horizon. The sell price of each channel is assumed to be a non-decreasing linear function of time. When learning effect of fixed set-up cost is incorporated into a supply chain system with a constant probability,a mixed-integer constraint optimization model for non-perishable items and a unconstrained optimization model for perishable items are established. The objectives of two models are maximizing the total profits. By analyzing the optimal properties for each model,it is proved that the optimal inventory policy is unique by using the technique of relaxing the number of replenishments to continuous variable. In addition,the solving method of the optimal inventory policy for each model is proposed and both of these models are compared. Finally,some numerical examples are provided to illustrate above theoretical models and the numerical results also show that more profit can be obtained when learning effect is incorporated into the supply chain system.
[1] Wright T. Factors affecting the cost of airplanes[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Sciences,1936,3(4):122-128.
[2] Keachie E C, Fontana R J. Effects of learning on optimal lot size[J]. Management Science,1966,13(2): 102-108.
[3] Steedman I. Some improvement curve theory[J].International Journal of production Research,1970,8(3): 189-206.
[4] Jaber M Y,Bonney M. Optimal lot sizing under learning considerations:The bounded learning case[J].Applied Mathematical Modeling,1996,20(10): 750-755.
[5] 周永务.考虑人类学习现象的最优生产批量模型的进一步扩展[J].系统工程与电子技术,1998,20(3):36-38.
[6] Jaber M Y, Guiffrida A L. Learning curves for processes generating defects requiring reworks[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2004,159(3):663-672.
[7] 沈铁松,熊中楷.基于新产品的供应链最优生产策略[J].中国管理科学,2004,12(2):55-59.
[8] Pan J C H, Lo M C. The learning effect on setup cost reduction for mixture inventory models with variable lead time[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of OperationalResearch,2008,25(4):513-529.
[9] Hung T W, Chen Pingting. On the optimal replenishment in a finite planning horizon with learning effect of setup costs[J].Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization,2010,6(2): 425-433.
[10] Tsai D M. An optimal production and shipment policy for a single-vendor single-buyer integrated system with both learning effect and deteriorating items[J].International Journal of Production Research,2011,49(3):903-922.
[11] 徐健腾,柏庆国,张玉忠.带学习效应的二级易变质产品供应链的最优策略研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2013,33(5):1167-1174.
[12] Mukhopadhyay S K, Yao Dongqing, Yue Xiaohang. Information sharing of value-adding retailer in a mixed channel hi-tech supply chain[J].Journal of Business Research,2008,61(9):950-958.
[13] Dumrongsiri A, Fan Ming, Jain A, et al. A supply chain model with direct and retailer channels[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2008,187(3): 691-718.
[14] 许明辉,于刚,张汉勤.具备提供服务的供应链博弈分析[J].管理科学学报,2006,9(2):18-27.
[15] 肖剑,但斌,张旭梅.双渠道供应链中制造商和零售商的服务合作定价策略[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(12):2203-2211.
[16] 陈树桢,熊中楷,李根道,等. 考虑创新补偿的双渠道供应链协调机制研究[J].管理工程学报,2011,25(2):45-52.
[17] 周筠,赵晓波.两种销售渠道间的库存分配问题[J].工业工程管理,2010,15(3):26-44.
[18] 胥莉,陈宏民.具有网络外部特征的企业定价策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2006,9(6):23-30.
[19] 陈云,王浣尘,沈恵璋.电子商务零售商与传统零售商的价格竞争研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006,26(1):35-41.
[20] 熊中楷,李根道,唐彦昌,等.网络环境下动态定价的渠道协调问题研究[J].管理工程学报,2007,21(3):49-55
[21] 郭亚军,赵礼强.基于电子市场的双渠道冲突与协调[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008, 28(9):59-66.
[22] 王小龙,刘丽文.竞争型双渠道供应链协调问题研究[J].系统工程学报, 2009, 24(4):430-437.
[23] 盛昭瀚,徐峰.地区差异化背景下制造商双渠道定价策略研究[J].管理科学学报,2010,13(6):1-10.
[24] 许传永,苟清龙,周垂日,等.两层双渠道供应链的定价问题[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(10):1741-1752.
[25] 王虹,周晶.不同价格模式下的双渠道供应链决策研究[J].中国管理科学,2009,17(6):84-90.
[26] Yue Xiaohang,Liu J. Demand forecast sharing in a dual-channel supply chain[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2006,174(1):646-667.
[27] Mukhopadhyay S,Zhu Xiaowei,Yue Xiaohang. Optimal contract design for mixed channels under information asymmetry[J].Production and Operations Management,2008,17(6): 641-650.
[28] Hua Guowei,Wang Shouyang,Cheng T C E. Price and lead time decisions in dual-channel supply chains[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2010,205(1):113-126.
[29] Bernstein F,Song Jingsheng,Zheng Xiaona. "Bricks-and-mortar" vs. "clicks-and-mortar":An equilibrium analysis [J].European Journal of Operational Research,2008,187(3):671-690.
[30] Ofek E,Katona Z,Sarvary M."Bricks and clicks": The impact of product returns on the strategies of multi-channel retailers [J].Marketing Science,2011, 30(1):42-60.
[31] 潘伟,汪寿阳,华国伟,等.实体店及其网上商店产品的动态定价及订货策略[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(2):236-242.
[32] Cheng T C E. An EOQ model with learning effect on setups[J].Production and Inventory Management Journal,1991,32(1):83-84.
[33] Replogle S H.The strategic use of smaller lot sizes through a new EOQ model[J].Production and Inventory Management Journal,1988,29(3):41-44.
