二级供应链系统的三阶段协同订货模型

中国管理科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 69-74.

二级供应链系统的三阶段协同订货模型

熊浩^1,2, 鄢慧丽³

1. 海南大学经济与管理学院, 海南海口 570228;
2. 中南大学交通运输工程学院, 湖南长沙 410083;
3. 海南大学旅游学院, 海南海口 570228

收稿日期:2012-04-16 修回日期:2013-09-02 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-05-14
作者简介:熊浩（1981-），男（汉族），湖北石首人，海南大学经济与管理学院，讲师，中南大学交通运输工程学院博士后，研究方向：物流工程、交通运输规划与管理.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（71271220，71061005）；中南大学博士后基金资助项目（126227）；中西部高校综合能力提升计划项目资助

A Three-Phase Synchronized Shipment Model of Two-Echelon Supply Chain System

XIONG Hao^1,2, YAN Hui-li³

1. School of Economics and Management, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
2. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Tounism College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Received:2012-04-16 Revised:2013-09-02 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-05-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生产商-销售商联合生产库存系统是供应链的一个重要组成部分。但是目前协同条件下的相关订货策略具有明显的局限性，容易丢失真正的最优策略。本文利用边际分析法，通过改变销售商相邻两次订货量的大小来分析生产商和销售商库存费用的变化，发现销售商的订货量与系统库存费用变化量的确存在一定的规律。并且，进一步可以推导出该类系统的最优订货策略的订货量必须符合“三阶段”规律。根据该特点，只需设置各个阶段的初始订货量和订货次数等6个决策变量就可以构建订货策略的数学模型。该模型与直接求解的数学模型相比，不仅变量减少，而且其求解也相对简单。最后，利用各个文献中常用的两个实例仿真进行对比分析，验证了该策略确实能够找出其他策略丢失的最优解。

关键词: 二级供应链, 生产商-销售商, 联合系统, 三阶段协同订货

Abstract: The vendor-buyer integrated production-inventory system is an important component of the supply chain operation. So far, more and more literatures have been interested on this theme. However, all the shipment policies hitherto been presented have obviously defects which will lose the optimal order scheme. In this paper, the marginal analysis method is used to analyzed the relationship between the change of order quantity and system inventory cost. Firstly, the buyer's quantities of the twice adjacent orders are adjusted while keeping their whole quantity unchanged. Then, both the producer's and the buyer's inventory and their inventory cost are recalculated. Finally, a "three phase" rule of the best order strategy of this system can be deduced. First stage is the increase ordering stage during the first part of the producer's production. And the buyer needs to increase the ordering quantity according to the ratio of the productivity and the demand rate. The second stage is the equal ordering stage during the second part of the producer's production. And the buyer will make several ordering with certain equal ordering quantity in this stage. The third stage is the equal ordering stage after the vendor's production, which means the buyer will make several ordering with equal ordering quantity after production. According to this characteristic, the corresponding mathematical model of ordering strategy can be constructed by only six variables, which include the quantity and the times of ordering during the various stages. Compared with the other direct mathematical model with every possible number of the order and their ordering quantities, not only the variables of the model are reduced, but also the solution process is become relatively simple. Finally, two simulation examples commonly used in many literatures are analyzed. And the result shows that this strategy can actually find the optimal solution while other strategies lost.

Key words: two-echelon supply chain, vendor-buyer, integrated system, three-phase synchronized shipment

中图分类号:

N945
F406

熊浩, 鄢慧丽. 二级供应链系统的三阶段协同订货模型[J]. 中国管理科学, 2014, 22(5): 69-74.

XIONG Hao, YAN Hui-li. A Three-Phase Synchronized Shipment Model of Two-Echelon Supply Chain System[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2014, 22(5): 69-74.

参考文献

[1] Banerjee A. A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendor[J]. Decision sciences, 1986,17(3):292-311.

[2] Glock C H. Lead time reduction strategies in a single-vendor-single-buyer integrated inventory model with lot size-dependent lead times and stochastic demand[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012,136(1):37-44.

[3] Hariga M, Gumus M, Ben-Daya M, et al. Scheduling and lot sizing models for the single-vendor multi-buyer problem under consignment stock partnership[J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2012,64(7):995-1009.

[4] Giri B C, Roy B. A vendor-buyer integrated production-inventory model with quantity discount and unequal sized shipments[J]. International Journal of Operational Research, 2013,16(1):1-13.

[5] Teng J, Chang C, Chern M. Vendor-buyer inventory models with trade credit financing under both non-cooperative and integrated environments[J]. International Journal of Systems Science, 2012,43(11):2050-2061.

[6] Giri B C, Bhattacharjee R. An optimal policy for a single-vendor single-buyer integrated inventory system based on vendor's strategy of shipments to buyer[J]. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 2012,13(2):267-278.

[7] Goyal S K. A joint economic-lot-size model for purchaser and vendor: A comment[J]. Decision Sciences, 1988, 19(1): 236-241.

[8] Goyal S K. A one-vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model: A comment[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1995,82(1): 209-210.

[9] Goyal S K, Nebebe F. Determination of economic production-shipment policy for a single-vendor-single-buyer system[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, 121(1): 175-178.

[10] Goyal S K. On improving the single-vendor single-buyer integrated production inventory model with a generalized policy[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, 125(2): 429-430.

[11] Hill R M. The single-vendor single-buyer integrated production-inventory model with a generalized policy[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997, 97: 493-499.

[12] Lu Lu. A one-vendor multi-buyer integrated inventory model [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1995, 81(2): 312-323.

[13] 王圣东, 单供货商多销售商联合生产库存模型[J]. 系统工程学报,2006,21:92-95.

[14] Zhou Yongwu. Optimal production and shipment models for a single-vendor-single-buyer integrated system[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 180(1):309-328.

[15] 熊浩, 孙有望. 生产商-销售商联合生产库存问题的一般数学模型[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2012,(2):315-319.

[16] 熊浩. 单生产商-多销售商多生产阶段协同订货模型[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2011,(12):1760-1764.