多对一型应急物资供应链中的政府采购定价决策研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0984

Abstract

Abstract:

Collaborating with local enterprises to reserve emergency supplies can help local governments quickly meet the emergency material demand in post-disaster phase. In order to meet the surging demand and avoid supply disruption， the government authority needs to cooperate with multiple suppliers. In this situation， the enterprises will make the cooperation decision based on whether the reserved materials can be sold when disaster happens and how much the government authority will pay for it. In this regard， emergency material supply agreement cooperation based on quantity flexibility contract is built among one government authority and multiple local enterprises with considering the quantity of sold materials being determined by the reliability of the local enterprises and the government’s procurement sequence. The impact of the government’s procurement pricing decisions on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the government-enterprise agreement cooperation are analyzed.

Based on the analytical results and numerical simulation results， it is found that when the reliability of the enterprises are the same， it is better for the government authority to equally assign the emergency material procurement quantity. When the reliability are different， with the increase of the government’s regular procurement quantity， the government’s flexibility procurement pricing level will increase and the quantity of the materials reserved by each agreement enterprise decreases. However， the benefits of the agreement enterprises will show diverse trends. It theoretically enriches the research studies on emergency material procurement management problem in this paper. Practically， managerial insights and decision reference are provided for the government authority to cooperate with local enterprises to improve the material supply capability and emergency response capability.

Key words: emergency materials, government-enterprise cooperation, multiple sourcing, procurement pricing, quantity flexibility contract

CLC Number:

F273

Lin Zhang,Zhongquan Hu,Jun Tian. Research on Government's Decisions on Procurement Pricing in a Multiple-to-One Emergency Material Supply Chain[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(5): 206-218.

Figures/Tables 13

符号	说明
$θ$	灾害发生概率， $θ ∈ (0,1]$
$U$	物资最大需求量
$x$	灾害发生时的物资实际需求量，服从 $0, U$ 上的某一随机分布形式
$f x; F (x)$	物资需求概率密度函数与累积分布函数
$Q$	政府自身常规储备量（常规采购量）
$c$	物资生产成本
$v$	剩余物资残值， $v < c$
$w$	承诺采购价格， $c < w$
$M$	政府单位物资缺货成本
$n$	有资格参与储备的本地企业个数
$λ i$	第 $i$ 个企业未受灾害影响的物资占自身总储备的比例， $λ i ∈ (0,1]$
$φ i$	政府从第 $i$ 个企业采购物资占自身常规储备总量的比例， $φ i ∈ 0,1$ 且 $∑ φ i = 1$
$Π s i$	第 $i$ 个企业的利润
$C g$	政府成本

决策方	决策	说明
政府	$p i$	政府面向第 $i$ 个企业的柔性采购价格
企业 $i$	$q i$	第 $i$ 个企业的柔性供给数量

	需求范围	政府成本	企业收益
固定		$w Q$	$w - c Q n - c q f s s$
有灾害 $θ$	$0 ≤ x ≤ Q$	$- v (Q - x)$	$v λ q f s s$
	$Q ≤ x ≤ Q + n λ q f s s$	$p f s s (x - Q)$	$p f s s x - Q n + v (λ q f s s - x - Q n)$
	$Q + n λ q f s s ≤ x ≤ U$	$p f s s n λ q f s s + M (x - Q - n λ q f s s)$	$p f s s λ q f s s$
无灾害 $(1 - θ)$		$- v Q$	$v q f s s$

	需求范围	政府成本	企业收益
固定		$w Q$	$w - c φ i f s d Q - c q i f s d$
有灾害 $θ$	$0 ≤ x ≤ Q$	$- v (Q - x)$	$v λ q i f s d$
	$Q ≤ x ≤ Q + ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ q j f s d$	$p f s d (x - Q)$	$v λ q i f s d$
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ q j f s d ≤ x ≤ Q + ∑ j = 1 i λ q j f s d$	$p f s d (x - Q)$	$p f s d x - Q - ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ q j f s d$ $+ v λ q i f s d - x - Q - ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ q j f s d$
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 i λ q j f s d ≤ x ≤ Q + ∑ j = 1 n λ q j f s d$	$p f s d (x - Q)$	$p f s d λ q i f s d$
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 n λ q j f s d ≤ x ≤ U$	$p f s d ∑ j = 1 n λ q j f s d + M x - Q - ∑ j = 1 n λ q j f s d$	$p f s d λ q i f s d$
无灾害 $(1 - θ)$		$- v Q$	$v q i f s d$

	需求范围	政府成本	企业收益
固定		$w Q$	$w - c φ i f d Q - c q i f d$
有灾害 $θ$	$0 ≤ x ≤ Q$	$- v (Q - x)$	$v λ i q i f d$
	$Q ≤ x ≤ Q + λ 1 q 1 f d$	$p 1 f d (x - Q)$	$v λ i q i f d$
	$Q + λ 1 q 1 f d ≤ x ≤ Q + λ 1 q 1 f d + λ 2 q 2 f d$	$p 1 f d λ 1 q 1 f d + p 2 f d x - Q - λ 1 q 1 f d$	$v λ i q i f d$
	…	…	…
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 i - 2 λ j q j f d ≤ x ≤ Q + ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ j q j f d$	$∑ j = 1 i - 2 p j f d λ j q j f d + p i - 1 f d x - Q - ∑ j = 1 i - 2 λ j q j f d$	$v λ i q i f d$
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ j q j f d ≤ x ≤ Q + ∑ j = 1 i λ j q j f d$	$∑ j = 1 i - 1 p j f d λ j q j f d$ $+ p i f d x - Q - ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ j q j f d$	$p i x - Q - ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ j q j f d$ $+ v λ i q i f d - x - Q - ∑ j = 1 i - 1 λ j q j f d$
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 i λ j q j f d ≤ x ≤ Q + ∑ j = 1 i + 1 λ j q j f d$	$∑ j = 1 i p j f d λ j q j f d + p i + 1 f d x - Q - ∑ j = 1 i λ j q j f d$	$p i λ i q i f d$
	…	…	…
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 n - 1 λ j q j f d ≤ x ≤ Q + ∑ j = 1 n λ j q j f d$	$∑ j = 1 n - 1 p j f d λ j q j f d$ $+ p n f d x - Q - ∑ j = 1 n - 1 λ j q j f d$	$p i λ i q i f d$
	$Q + ∑ j = 1 n λ j q j f d ≤ x ≤ U$	$∑ j = 1 n p j f d λ j q j f d + M x - Q - ∑ j = 1 n λ j q j f d$	$p i λ i q i f d$
无灾害 $(1 - θ)$		$- v Q$	$v q i f d$

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Research on Government's Decisions on Procurement Pricing in a Multiple-to-One Emergency Material Supply Chain

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