互为客户与供应商的双向供应链决策协同机制研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1473

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着供应链日益复杂和互联，“互为客户与供应商”的商业模式越来越普遍，在加深供应链上下游合作的同时，也对管理决策提出了新的挑战。本文深入挖掘了互为客户与供应商的双向供应链结构特征，对供应商和制造商之间双向供应的协同合作关系进行决策模型分析，探索了双向供应链结构的效率和协同机制设计问题。研究发现：当合作规模达到一定量级时，互为客户与供应商的双向供应链结构能够显著提升供应链效率，并增加供应链利润，发掘了这种结构的内在价值。然而，在合作规模较小时仍存在效率提升空间。引入反向订购折扣契约，探寻进一步提升供应链绩效的方法，但发现反向订购折扣契约以损害制造商利润为代价，只有在给定下游制造商一定利润补偿的前提下，才能实现双向供应链协调。

关键词: 互为客户与供应商, 双向供应链, 协同机制

Abstract:

As supply chains become increasingly intricate and interconnected， the business model of “mutual customers and suppliers” is becoming more prevalent， which not only deepens the cooperation between upstream and downstream of the supply chain， but also poses new challenges to management decision-making. The characteristics of the two-way supply chain structure are extracted， the cooperative relationship between suppliers and manufacturers is analyzed， and the efficiency of the two-way supply chain structure and the design of the cooperative mechanism are discussed. Firstly， a benchmark model of two-way supply chain with mutual customers and suppliers is given for centralized and decentralized decision making. The Stackelberg model is used to find the equilibrium solution and give the two-way supply chain efficiency， and it is found that there is still room for coordination in the two-way supply chain. Then the two-way supply chain reverse order discount contract model is designed and the profit compensation mechanism is utilized to coordinate the two-way supply chain.The results show that when the scale of cooperation reaches a certain level， the two-way supply chain structure of mutual customer and supplier can significantly improve supply chain efficiency and increase supply chain profits. This uncovers the inherent value of this structure. However， there is still room for coordination when the scale of cooperation is small. The reverse order discount contract is introduced to explore ways to further improve the supply chain performance， it is observed that the reverse order discount contract damages the manufacturer's profit at the cost， and supply chain coordination can only be realized under the premise of giving a certain profit compensation to the downstream manufacturer.Based on the background of the development of deep integration of supply chains， the structural characteristics of two-way supply chains that are customers and suppliers of each other are portrayed， the value of coordinating supply chain operation decision-making in this kind of structure is revealed， the scope of theoretical research on supply chain structure is expanded， and practical insight for decision-makers of complex supply chain management is provided.

Key words: mutual customers and suppliers, two-way supply chain, coordination mechanism

中图分类号:

F272.3

于辉,李肖依,孙彩虹. 互为客户与供应商的双向供应链决策协同机制研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2026, 34(5): 322-331.

Hui Yu,Xiaoyi Li,Caihong Sun. Research on Decision Coordination Mechanism of Two-way Supply Chain between Mutual Customers and Suppliers[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(5): 322-331.

图/表 16

图1

图2

表1

双向供应链效率变化趋势"

指标	反向订购比例 $θ$	供应链效率 $e$	图形变化趋势
取值/ 单调性	0	75%	（0， $b 1 + b 2 - b 1 2 + b 1 b 2 b 1 + b 2$ ）内单调递减
	$b 1 + b 2 - b 1 2 + b 1 b 2 b 1 + b 2$	$b 1 + b 2 - b 1 (b 1 + b 2) (b 2 - b 1) b 1 (b 1 + b 2) + b 1 2 (b 1 + b 2) (b 2 2 - b 1) b 1 (b 1 + b 2) + b 1 (b 1 + b 2) 2$	（0， $b 1 + b 2 - b 1 2 + b 1 b 2 b 1 + b 2$ ）内单调递减
	$b 2 b 1 + b 2$	75%	（ $b 1 + b 2 - b 1 2 + b 1 b 2 b 1 + b 2$ ，1）内单调递增
	1	1	（ $b 1 + b 2 - b 1 2 + b 1 b 2 b 1 + b 2$ ，1）内单调递增

表1

图3

图4

表2

参数设定"

参数	定义	取值	变动范围
$a 1$	市场1的潜在需求	100	0
$b 1$	商品1的价格敏感度	7	0
$a 2$	市场2的潜在需求	90	0
$b 2$	商品2的价格敏感度	3	0
$c$	单位产品成本	10	0
$m$	单位产品装配费	3	0
$n$	单位产品改造费	2	0
$θ$	反向订购比例	—	（0,1）

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

表3

当λ=0.9时基准模型和反向订购折扣契约下供应链运作分析"

$θ$	$q 2 *$	$q 3 *$	$π S 2 *$	$π S 3 *$	$π M 2 *$	$π M 3 *$	$π S C 2 *$	$π S C 3 *$
0.2	9.20	9.29	18.52	18.72	9.67	9.67	28.19	28.39
0.4	17.78	18.10	60.18	61.28	27.08	26.96	87.26	88.24
0.6	23.79	24.20	113.15	115.13	32.33	31.46	145.48	146.58
0.8	24.75	24.98	151.68	153.10	17.50	16.40	169.18	169.50

表3

表4

当λ=0.8时基准模型和反向订购折扣契约下供应链运作分析"

$θ$	$q 2 *$	$q 3 *$	$π S 2 *$	$π S 3 *$	$π M 2 *$	$π M 3 *$	$π S C 2 *$	$π S C 3 *$
0.2	9.20	9.39	18.52	18.92	9.67	9.68	28.19	28.59
0.4	17.78	18.44	60.18	62.43	27.08	26.81	87.26	89.24
0.6	23.79	24.63	113.15	117.17	32.33	30.51	145.48	147.67
0.8	24.75	25.22	151.68	154.54	17.50	15.26	169.18	169.79

表4

图11

图12

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