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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 189-205.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1511

• • 上一篇    

考虑时间窗指派的多中心开闭混合式车辆路径问题

王勇1,2(), 史亭亭1, 苟梦圆1, 蒋琼3, 许茂增1   

  1. 1.重庆交通大学经济与管理学院,重庆 400074
    2.绿色物流智能技术重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400074
    3.长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,湖南 长沙 410114
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-03 修回日期:2025-01-26 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 王勇 E-mail:yongwx@cqjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72371044);重庆市教委科学技术研究重大项目(KJZD-M202300704);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0848);重庆市高等教育教学改革研究重大项目(251030);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYB240262)

Multi-center Close­Open Mixed Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window Assignment

Yong Wang1,2(), Tingting Shi1, Mengyuan Gou1, Qiong Jiang3, Maozeng Xu1   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China
    2.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Logistics Intelligent Technology,Chongqing 400074,China
    3.School of Economics and Management,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China
  • Received:2024-09-03 Revised:2025-01-26 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: Yong Wang E-mail:yongwx@cqjtu.edu.cn

摘要:

针对带时间窗的多中心车辆路径问题在客户服务时间窗违反规避和运输资源共享相结合方面存在的不足,提出时间窗指派和运输资源共享策略,研究了考虑时间窗指派的多中心开闭混合式车辆路径问题。首先,构建了包含配送成本、运输成本、惩罚成本和时间窗指派成本等物流运营总成本最小化和配送车辆使用数最少化的双目标数学模型。其次,提出了基于K-means聚类的改进多目标粒子群混合算法求解模型,该混合算法结合扫描算法提高了初始可行解的质量,应用外部存档更新机制增强了算法的鲁棒性,并集成时间窗指派策略和运输资源共享策略提高了算法的收敛速度。然后,将所提出算法与CPLEX求解器、非支配排序遗传算法-Ⅱ、多目标蚁群算法和多目标模拟退火算法进行对比分析,验证了所提模型和算法的有效性。最后,结合实例数据对考虑时间窗指派的多中心开闭混合式车辆路径问题进行了实证研究,并探讨了算法参数选择,以及时间窗指派、运输资源共享与多中心开闭混合式车辆路径设计不同组合模式下物流运营总成本和配送车辆使用数等相关指标的变化情况。研究结果表明,时间窗指派策略有利于减少违反客户时间窗的现象,运输资源共享策略有助于实现物流配送资源的合理化配置,进而能够有效降低企业物流运营总成本和提高多中心物流配送网络资源配置效率。本研究有助于城市物流多中心共同配送体系的构建,进而可为多层次多中心物流配送网络优化问题提供理论支持和方法借鉴。

关键词: 多中心开闭混合式车辆路径, 时间窗指派, 运输资源共享, 改进多目标粒子群算法, 外部存档更新机制

Abstract:

With the rapid development of the information technology and e-commerce industry, online shopping has become an important and indispensable part of residents’ daily lives. The full-time sale characteristic of online shopping platforms makes the logistics demand show a blowout growth, which leads to the prominent contradiction between limited logistics resources and the growing logistics demands, and puts forward higher requirements for the resource coordination and time urgency of the urban logistics system. Given the shortcomings of the multi-center vehicle routing problem with time windows in combining resource sharing and customer service time window violation avoidance, a transportation resource sharing strategy and a time window assignment strategy are proposed, and a multi-center close­open mixed vehicle routing problem with time window assignment is studied. First, combining the time window assignment strategy and the design of open-closed mixed vehicle routes, a bi-objective optimization model is established to minimize the total operating cost and the number of delivery vehicles. The total operating cost is composed of centralized transportation cost, vehicle maintenance cost, delivery cost, penalty cost for violating time windows, time window assignment cost, and incentive subsidy for distribution center collaboration. Second, an improved multi-objective particle swarm hybrid algorithm based on K-means clustering is proposed. The proposed hybrid algorithm divides the service periods according to the customer time window characteristics, and combines the scanning algorithm to improve the quality of the initial feasible solution. The external archive update mechanism is applied to enhance the robustness of the proposed algorithm, and the time window assignment strategy and transportation resource sharing strategy are integrated to improve the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm. Third, the proposed algorithm is compared with CPLEX solver, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ, the multi-objective ant colony algorithm, and the multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. Finally, combined with a multi-center logistics network in Chongqing City, China, a case study is explored on the multi-center close­open mixed vehicle routing problem with time window assignment, furthermore, the selection of relevant parameter values for the proposed algorithm is analyzed and discussed. The changes in related indicators such as delivery cost, transportation cost, total operating cost, and number of delivery vehicles are discussed under different combination modes of time window assignment, transportation resource sharing, and multi-center close­open mixed vehicle routing design. The research results show that the time window assignment strategy is conducive to reducing customer time window violations. For example, in the case study, the application of the time window assignment strategy resulted in a 47.5% reduction in the penalty cost and a 10.8% reduction in the total logistics operating cost, and the number of delivery vehicles decreased by 2.The transportation resource sharing strategy and open-closed mixed vehicle routing design help to achieve the reasonable allocation of logistics distribution resources, thereby effectively reducing the logistics operating cost of logistics enterprise and improving the resource allocation efficiency of multi-center logistics distribution networks. Therefore, the research is conducive to constructing a multi-center joint distribution system for urban logistics and can provide theoretical support and method reference for the research on multi-level multi-center logistics distribution network optimization problems.

Key words: multi-center close-open mixed vehicle routing problem, time window assignment, transportation resource sharing, improved multi-objective particle swarm algorithm, external archive update mechanism

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