Abstract: In the face of profound changes in the domestic and international environment, the construction of a new development pattern driven by scientific and technological innovation is of great significance. Efforts must be made to ensure "high-quality science and technology" to underpin the development of a modernized economy. It also calls for an urgent need in the innovation in generic technologies. However, as a pre-competitive technology, generic technology is faced with a variety of R & D failures. Hence, three R&D modes are introduced in this study, which are the market mechanism mode, the university-research participating mode and the government participating mode. Learning from the Stackelberg game theory, a game model which involves the generic technology supply enterprise A, the business development enterprise B and the government is constructed to analyze and compare the optimal effort of enterprises, expected returns of all parties and the optimal subsidy and policy guidance of government under the above three R&D modes. The results show as follows: the government participating mode is strictly better than the university-research participating mode, beyond that, understanding the critical factors and influence mechanism that makes one mode the dominant is the key to choose the generic technology R&D mode. The expected returns of all parties and effort of enterprise A and enterprise B under the three R&D modes are affected by both common and individual factors, among which the cooperative degree is a key factor. Subsidy supplying and policy guidance of the government is necessary in generic technology R&D, when the technology elasticity is large, the government should allocate a relatively large proportion of subsidy to enterprise A, and when the profit-sharing factor is large, enterprise B should be allocated a relatively large proportion. Finally, some policy enlightenments are provided to promote the generic technology R&D from the aspects of choosing the generic technology R&D mode, increasing the generic technology R&D parties' efforts and introducing accurate policies by the government.

Key words: industrial generic technology, multi-agent participation, R&D modes, comparison