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论文

供应链企业投资RFID技术的博弈均衡研究

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  • 1. 上海海事大学物流研究中心, 上海 201306;
    2. 复旦大学管理学院, 上海 200433;
    3. 上海海事大学经济管理学院, 上海 201306

收稿日期: 2017-04-22

  修回日期: 2017-08-31

  网络出版日期: 2018-12-25

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(71601114,71571117,71431004)

Research on the Game Equilibrium of RFID Adoption Among Supply Chain Enterprises

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  • 1. Logistics Research Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    3. School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received date: 2017-04-22

  Revised date: 2017-08-31

  Online published: 2018-12-25

摘要

本文以两条竞争供应链(每条供应链均包含一个制造商和一个零售商)为研究对象,基于其是否投资无线射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术,分别构建了两条供应链均不投资RFID(N情景)、供应链1投资RFID(S1情景),供应链2投资RFID(S2情景),及两条供应链均投资RFID(T情景)的收益模型,求解出相应的最优解并探讨供应链投资RFID的均衡策略。研究发现:相较于N情景,单条供应链投资RFID技术对其竞争供应链成员收益产生"负外部性"。当RFID成本较低时,供应链的均衡策略为T情景;当RFID成本较高时,错放率较低的供应链不采用RFID技术,其竞争供应链将采用RFID技术以提高自身的竞争力。

本文引用格式

张李浩, 刘斌 . 供应链企业投资RFID技术的博弈均衡研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2018 , 26(10) : 132 -139 . DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2018.10.013

Abstract

Research source of the problem:Inventory misplacement has always been a thorny issue in supply chain management. Despite the recognized potential benefit of RFID, firms in practice do not unanimously adopt it. RFID cost has long been identified as a barrier to RFID adoption. Will the RFID tagging cost still be the key barrier of RFID adoption under competing supply chains?How do supply chains adjust their RFID adoption strategies in response to competition?
Description of the problem:Consider two supply chains i and j(i∈{1,2} and j=3-i), each consisting of one risk-neutral manufacturer i (she) selling a homogeneous product to one risk-neutral exclusive retailer i (him) via wholesale price contract and incurs a constant marginal production cost ci. We suppose that the supply chain i will only produce and sell product i. The two manufacturers are Stackelberg leaders, and the two retailers, as followers, engage in Cournot competition in a market. We define misplacement rate (1-θi)as the ratio of Retailer i's misplaced product to his order quantity. Retailer i's order quantity qi is associated with two quantities:θiqi, which is available to consumers by Retailer i, and (1-θi)qi, which is unavailable to customers because of the misplacement.
Methods model of research:The process is essentially a Stackelberg game, the manufacturers move first to decide the optimal wholesale prices and then the retailers move sequentially after observing the pricing decision of the manufacturers and decide the optimal production quantities and whether to adopt RFID or not. For the four models, we obtain the profits of the supply chain players by using the economics model.
Problem-solving ideas:In the first stage of the game, the manufacturers simultaneously announce the wholesale prices for their products. In the second stage, the two supply chains simultaneously decides on whether to adopt RFID technology to resolve the misplacement problems. Hence, the two supply chains exist four parallel RFID adoption decision units denoted by {N,Si,Sj,T}. In the third stage, the retailers decide the optimal order quantities to maximize their profits and compete in the market with Nash game.
Research results:Compared to the Scenario N, one supply chain adopting RFID causes negative externality to the other chain. When the RFID cost is low, Scenario T is the equilibrium strategy for the supply chains. When the RFID cost is high, the low misplacement rate supply chain will not adopt RFID, while the other chain will adopt RFID to enhance his competitive power.
The introduction of case data:The data in the article is referenced with former related papers in a portion. Thus, the results of numerical analysis in this paper can reflect the reality better.
Contributions:Our research differs from the literature in that we explicitly model the competing supply chains to study its impacts on RFID adoption. It is shown that the retailers' RFID adoption strategies depend on the competitor's RFID decisions, misplacement rates, and RFID tagging costs.

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