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论文

价格柔性契约下政府应急物资采购协调机制研究

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  • 西安交通大学管理学院, 陕西 西安 710049

收稿日期: 2016-07-30

  修回日期: 2017-03-12

  网络出版日期: 2018-01-31

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(71171157);国家自然科学基金重大项目(71390331)

Coordination Mechanism of Government Emergency Supplies Procurement Under Price Flexibility Contract

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  • School of Management, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049,China

Received date: 2016-07-30

  Revised date: 2017-03-12

  Online published: 2018-01-31

摘要

应急需求的不确定性和紧迫性为政企联合下的物资采购管理带来巨大挑战,单一的补贴形式和固定的补贴水平已难以维持供应商的收益和合作意愿。对此,本研究针对非常规突发事件发生时期极易上涨的市场价格,对被采购物资实行价差补贴,同时考虑到需求数量不确定将会导致政府实际采购量偏离预订量,进而对未被采购物资实行剩余物资补贴,即构建了一个基于基准支付和两种柔性补贴的价格柔性契约。运用Stackelberg博弈推导证明了价格柔性契约可实现应急物资供应链协调,且政府作为采购主导方,可通过调整基准价格水平分配系统节约成本。数值计算和敏感度分析进一步验证了契约的有效性和灵活性。

本文引用格式

张琳, 田军, 冯耕中 . 价格柔性契约下政府应急物资采购协调机制研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2017 , 25(11) : 158 -167 . DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2017.11.017

Abstract

Physical reserves with the shortest response time plays an important role in emergency situation to meet the urgent and huge demand, especially when sudden-onset disasters happen. As the entity who takes the responsibility of dealing with emergencies, the government must ensure abundant supplies are reserved in advance. Cooperation with supplier is necessary for the government to expand the holding capacity and to reduce costs.
Contracts are widely used in commercial supply chain, but less popular in humanitarian supply chain because of the uncertain demands and complex situations. The contract form and factors to consider should adapt to unique characteristics of emergency situations. On one hand, when disasters happen, the market prices of necessary products are likely to increase. A moderately increased price is reasonable because of the high demand and rising costs. A recently published consultation paper also illustrates the legitimacy of slightly increased market prices. Therefore, for the purchased supplies under emergency situations,the rising market price should be considered to protect the supplier's profit and firm the government-supplier cooperation. Meanwhile, considering the uncertainty of demand quantity, subsidizing the contracted but unpurchased supplies is also necessary to cover the supplier's costs of production, holding, et al.
In a contract, participants' goals and interests tend to be different, and then a game will exist. Since the emergency procurement is a buyer-led market, a government-led Stackelberg game is established in this paper. Considering the unique characteristics of emergency situation, a price flexibility contract is constructed, which consists of a basic payment, a price difference subsidy and a subsidy for unpurchased supplies. Through deduction and numerical calculation, it is proved and confirmed that the supply chain is coordinated under the price flexibility contract. Profits (saving costs) can be distributed between the government and the supplier by adjusting the basic payment. Besides, at a basic payment level, arbitrary combination of the price difference subsidy and unpurchased supplies subsidy increases the flexibility of contract's implementation.
In this research, the abrupt market price's influence on participants' decisions is emphasized and proved by introducing price difference subsidy, and also its importance to the contract's feasibility and flexibility is demonstrated. In general, contributions are made to the literature on emergency supplies procurement management and contract theory, and assistace for the government is provided to decide how to cooperate with suppliers in reality for emergency purpose.

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