论文在时变供需环境下,即市场需求为斜坡式时间函数及补货率依赖于市场需求情境下,探讨了基于商业信用的供应链中零售商最优订货策略。首先,根据商业信用期和零售商补货周期的关系,分两种情形构建了零售商库存模型;其次,根据零售商的库存模型,证明了其最优解的存在,并给出相关的命题和算法来求解零售商的最优库存策略;最后,通过数值算例和灵敏度分析来论证文中的有关结论。研究发现:当供应商给予零售商的商业信用期较短时,此时市场需求仍处于增长期,随着市场需求稳定时间点的增大,零售商的最优订货周期逐渐减小,最优订货量和年费用也逐渐减小;当供应商给予零售商的商业信用期较长时,此时市场需求已趋于稳定期,随着市场需求稳定时间点的增大,零售商的最优订货周期逐渐增大,最优订货量和年费用也逐渐增大;当供应商生产与市场需求依赖性逐渐增大时,零售商的最优订货周期逐渐增大,最优订货量及年费用也逐渐增大。
The suppliers often provide the trade credit for the payment of the amount owed. Usually, there is no interest charged for the retailer if the outstanding amount is paid in the allowable delay. If the payment is unpaid in full by the end of the permissible delay period, interest is charged on the outstanding amount. The inventory replenishment policies under trade credit financing have been studied intensively. But most of the existing inventory models under trade credit financing are assumed that a constant demand and the infinite or a constant replenishment rate. However, in practice, the demand rate is the ramp type function of time for some cases, such as the new products and the holiday related products. On the other hand, the production rate is related to the market demand. Therefore, the optimal order strategy of the retailer was discussed based on the trade credit financing, considering the time varying supply and demand. First, according to the relationship of the trade credit period and the retailer's replenishment cycle, the retailer's inventory models are constructed from two kinds of situations; Second, based on the inventory model, the existence of the optimal solutions is proved and give related theorems and the algorithms are given to solve the retailer's optimal inventory strategy; Finally, the numerical example and sensitivity analysis are carried out to demonstrate the related conclusions. The results show that: when the supplier gives the retailer's short trade credit period, which is less than the stable point of the demand, with the increase of stable point time, the retailer's optimal order cycle, the optimal order quantity and the annual cost decreases; when the supplier gives the retailer's trade credit period long, greater than the stable point of the demand, with the increase of stable point time, the retailer's optimal order cycle, the optimal order quantity and the annual cost also increases; with the dependence of suppliers' production on the demand stronger, the retailer's optimal order cycle, the optimal order quantity and the annual cost also increases. The paper extends the EOQ models and enables the managers to make the replenishment policies more effectively.
[1] Goyal S K. Economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments[J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1985, 36(4):335-338.
[2] Huang Yungfu. Optimal retailer's ordering policies in the EOQ model under trade credit financing[J]. Journal of the Operational research society, 2003, 54 (9):1011-1015.
[3] Huang Yungfun. Optimal retailer's replenishment decisions in the EPQ model under two levels of trade credit policy[J].European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 176(3):1577-1591.
[4] 贾涛, 郑毅, 常建龙. 两级商业信用下存在顾客预付的易腐品库存模型[J].中国管理科学, 2013, 21 (6):80-87
[5] Thangam A. Optimal price discounting and lot-sizing policies for perishable items in a supply chain under advance payment scheme and two-echelon trade credits[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 139 (1):459-472.
[6] Goyal S K, Teng J T, Wang Chuntao. Optimal ordering policies when the supplier provides a progressive interest scheme[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007, 179(2):404-413.
[7] Chung KJ. A note on optimal ordering policies when the supplier provides a progressive interest scheme[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2009, 199(2):611-617.
[8] Soni H, Shah NH. Optimal ordering policy for stock-dependent demand under progressive payment scheme[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2008, 184(1):91-100.
[9] 邱昊,梁樑,杨树.供应商给定延期付款和现金折扣策略下的零售商最优库存策略[J].系统工程,2006,24(9):18-23.
[10] Huang C K, Tsai D M, Wu Jicheng,et al. An integrated vendor-buyer inventory model with order processing cost reduction and permissible delay in payments[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2010, 202 (2):473-478.
[11] Tsao Y C. Managing multi-echelon multi-item channels with trade allowances under credit period[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2009, 127(2):226-237.
[12] 秦娟娟. 延期支付条件下考虑坏账影响的三阶段经济订货模型[J].中国管理科学, 2012, 20(6):94-101.
[13] Tsao Y C, Sheen G J. Dynamic pricing, promotion and replenishment policies for a deteriorating item under permissible delay in payments[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2008, 35(11):3562-3580.
[14] Soni H, Shah N H. Optimal ordering policy for stock-dependent demand under progressive payment scheme[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2008, 184(1):91-100.
[15] Biswajit Sarkar. An EOQ model with delay in payments and time varying deterioration rate[J]. Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 2012, 55(3-4):367-377.
[16] Diwakar G, Wang Lei. A stochastic inventory model with trade credit[J]. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2009, 11 (1):4-18.
[17] Chen S C, Barrón L E C, Teng J T. Retailer's economic order quantity when the supplier offers conditionally permissible delay in payments link to order quantity[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2014, 155(9):284-291
[18] Jaggi C K, Kapur P K, Goyal S K,et al. Optimal replenishment and credit policy in EOQ model under two-levels of trade credit policy when demand is influenced by credit period[J].International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 2012, 3(4):352-359.
[19] Giria B C, Maitia T. Supply chain model with price- and trade credit-sensitive demand under two level permissible delay in payments[J]. International Journal of Systems Science, 2013, 44(5):937-948.
[20] Huang Y C, Wang K H, Tung C T. Optimal order policy for single period products under payment delay with ramp type demand rate[J]. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 2010, 31 (6):1337-1360.
[21] Darzanou G, Skouri K. An inventory system for deteriorating products with ramp-type demand rate under two-level trade credit financing[J].Advances in Decision Sciences, 2011,(2011):1-15.
[22] Singh S R, Sharma S. A global optimizing policy for decaying items with ramp-type demand rate under two-level trade credit financing taking account of preservation technology[J]. Advances in Decision Sciences, 2013, (2013):1-12.
[23] Biswaranjan M. An EOQ inventory model for Weibull distributed deteriorating items under ramp type demand and shortages[J]. OPSEARCH, 2010, 47(2):158-165.
[24] Skouri K, Konstantaras I, Papachristos S, et al. Inventory models with ramp type demand rate, partial backlogging and Weibull deterioration rate[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2009, 192(1):79-92.
