对于提前期可压缩的短生命周期产品供应链,压缩提前期可以提高销售商的需求预测精度,但增加了制造商的生产成本,因而供应链面临何时订货、订多少,以及如何实现Pareto改进的挑战。通过建立数学模型并求解,分析了分散系统和集中系统的最优决策,进一步开发了一个激励方案以实现供应链成员之间的协调。研究结果表明:具有订货回馈与惩罚的动态批发价契约能够有效协调双时变参数供应链,契约参数α在一定范围内取值可实现供需双方共赢。
For a short-life-cycle product supply chain with controlled lead-time, the lead-time compression would raise the demand forecast accuracy of distributor, while would increase the production cost of manufacturer as well. So the supply chain management is obliged to solve the optimal ordering point and the optimal ordering quantity, as well as the coordination of distributor and manufacturer. The decision models of decentralized and centralized supply chain were proposed respectively. The optimal decisions of each party in both decentralized and centralized systems were solved. Further, an incentive scheme is developed to facilitate coordination between the two parties. The results show that the dynamic wholesale price contract based on order rebate and penalty policy is able to coordinate the supply chain with double time-varying parameters effectively, and this contract allows the system efficiency to be achieved as well as to improve the profits of all parties by tuning the contract parameter α.
[1] Gerard Cachon, Christian Terwiesch. 运营管理——供需匹配的视角(2版)[M]. 任建标,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2013.
[2] Blackburn J D. Time-based competition:the next battleground in American manufacturing[M]. Homewood:Business One Irw in,1991.
[3] Iyer A V, Bergen M E. Quick response in manufacturer-retailer channels[J]. Management Science,1997,43(4):559-570.
[4] Chen M S, Chuang C C. An extended newsboy problem with shortage-level constraints[J]. International journal production economics,2000,67(3):269-277.
[5] 蔡清波,鲁其辉,朱道立. 预测精度随时间变化的报童问题模型分析[J]. 预测,2003,22(5):42-45.
[6] 宋华明,马士华. 正态分布下时变参数的报童问题[J]. 预测,2005,24(6):67-70.
[7] 鲁其辉,朱道立,林正华. 带有快速反应策略供应链系统的补偿策略研究[J]. 管理科学学报,2004,7(4):14-23.
[8] Lau A H L, Lau H S. The effects of reducing demand uncertainty in a manufacturer-retailer channel for single-period products[J]. Computers and operations research,2002,29(11):1583-1602.
[9] 宋华明,马士华. 供应链中提前期压缩的Pareto优化[J]. 控制与决策,2006,21(7):776-780.
[10] 宋华明,马士华. 二阶段供应链中提前期压缩的影响与协调[J]. 管理科学学报,2007,10(1):46-53.
[11] 宋华明. 可变提前期的易逝品供应链协调[J]. 中国管理科学,2007,15(3):68-74.
[12] 李明,戴更新,韩广华,等. 二级供应链中提前期压缩的价格协调机制[J]. 运筹与管理,2008,17(2):87-92.
[13] 宋华明,马士华. 考虑订货时间影响的扩展供应链收入共享契约[J]. 系统工程,2005,23(9):59-63.
[14] 王圣东,周永务. 考虑提前期压缩的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调模型[J]. 控制与决策,2010,25(9):1292-1296.
[15] Li Yina, Xu Xuejun, Zhao Xiande,et al. Supply chain coordination with controllable lead time and asymmetric information[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 217(1):108-119.
[16] Petruzzi N C,Dada M. Pricing and the newsvendor problem:A review with extensions[J]. Operations Research,1999,47(2):183-193.
[17] Savaskan R C,Bhattacharya S,Van Wassenhove L N. Closed-loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing[J]. Management Science,2004,50(2):239-252.
[18] 葛静燕. 闭环供应链契约协调问题研究[D]. 上海:上海交通大学,2007.
